Evidence given by Md. Alamgir

Remaining Examination-in-Chief 

During my investigation, I found that the government’s actions of murder, kidnapping, disappearance, and torture during the July 2024 movement were primarily aimed at staying in power. Furthermore, for over the past 15 years, the then-government’s methods to hold onto power included murder, staging militant dramas, forced kidnappings, disappearances, and one-sided elections—all of which were rooted in the desire to remain in power for a long time. Whenever the Awami League government came to power, they took all possible measures to consolidate their power. As a result of this, people from all classes and professions participated in the 2024 movement. 

[Defence objection, my lord. The International Crimes Tribunal can only deal with individual persons. They have jurisdiction over natural persons only. But here, the Awami League is an institution, so it cannot actually be prosecuted by this tribunal.

Chairman: Alright then, add the word “government” after “Awami League.” That will solve it.]

During the July Mass Uprising, law enforcement agencies and armed cadres of the ruling party carried out killings in at least 41 districts at 438 different locations. Lethal weapons were used against protesters in more than 50 districts. Using drones, government intelligence agencies, and institutions like the NTMC, they tracked protesters’ mobile phones to locate them and then carried out acts of murder, kidnapping, arrest, and wrongful detention. The attackers in this movement were members of law enforcement and armed cadres of the ruling party. On the other hand, the protesters were innocent, unarmed, and ordinary students and citizens. This demonstrates that the crimes committed during the July Mass Uprising were a widespread, systematic, targeted persecution of the civilian population. 

The investigation also found that on July 27, 2024, in front of the Jatrabari police station, DC Iqbal of the Wari division showed the accused, Asaduzzaman Khan Kamal, a video captured on a mobile phone of a killing carried out by the police. Home Secretary Jahangir Hossain and then-IGP Chowdhury Abdullah Al-Mamun were present there. After showing the video, DC Iqbal said, “We shoot, one dies, one gets injured. Only one goes. The rest don’t go, sir.” This is a matter of great alarm and concern. It proves that the crimes against humanity committed during the July Mass Uprising were all done with the knowledge of the accused. I have seized and submitted the pen drive containing this video. 

The investigation and evidence primarily prove the allegations of organizing the aforementioned crimes against the accused, Sheikh Hasina, Asaduzzaman Khan Kamal, and Chowdhury Abdullah Al-Mamun. The crimes are primarily proven under sections 3(2)(a)(g)(h) and section 4(1)(2)(3) of the International Crimes (Tribunals) Act, 1973. For their trial, the investigation report was submitted to the Honorable Chief Prosecutor on May 12, 2025. The accused did not take any steps to stop the killings and atrocities committed during the July Mass Uprising. Moreover, they aided and provided patronage to those who carried out these killings and atrocities. 

After submitting the investigation report, I continued my efforts to collect additional evidence against the accused. As additional evidence, I later recorded the statement of a witness named Sabrina Afroz Shebonti. I have submitted documented evidence in five volumes, totaling 2,018 pages, titled “Factual and Documentary Evidence on Sheikh Hasina Becoming a Fascist,” concerning the background of the July Mass Uprising. 

On May 18, 2025, at 11:00 AM, the call recording of a conversation between former Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina and former Dhaka University Vice-Chancellor A S M Maksud Kamal was seized along with an expert opinion transcript from the Forensic Division, CID, Dhaka. It was then handed over to the custody of the librarian of the investigation agency of the International Crimes Tribunal. This is the previously exhibited seizure list (Exhibit- 66). My signature on the seizure list, which is marked as (Exhibit- 66/3). This is the previously exhibited custody Bond (Exhibit- 67), and my signature on the custody form, (Exhibit- 67/2). 

[3 Videos were played in the Open Tribunal one after another:
Exhibit-XXXVI -BBC Investigative Report (35:35)

Exhibit-XXXVII -Al Jazeera Investigative Report (49:55)

July Revolutionary Alliance (JRA) Video (3:23)]

On August 4, 2025, at 10:05 AM, an investigative report by the BBC, titled “Sheikh Hasina’s Phone Record from August 5th in Jatrabari,” a 35-minute and 35-second video that was broadcast on BBC Bangla’s YouTube channel on July 9, 2025, was seized on a pen drive. It was then handed over to the custody of the librarian of the investigation agency of the International Crimes Tribunal. This is the previously exhibited seizure list (Exhibit- 24/Additional Seizure List, pages 1 to 2). My signature on the seizure list (Exhibit- 24/3). This is the previously exhibited custody form, (Exhibit- 25) and my signature on the custody form, Exhibit- 25/2. This is the video on the DVD (Material Exhibit- XXXVI).

This video (by BBC) shows–
– The scene of police putting bodies in a van and setting them on fire after killing them at Ashulia police station;
-The scene of police shooting Abu Sayed multiple times from very close range in Rangpur;
– The scene of police throwing Ashabul Yamin, who was shot, from an ACP van in Savar;
– A video recording of Sheikh Hasina’s order to use lethal weapons and shoot directly, along with the scene of Police Inspector (Investigation) Zakir shooting repeatedly from a short distance in Jatrabari; and 
– The mention of shutting down the internet.

On August 9, 2025, at 10:15 AM, an investigative documentary, titled “July’s 36 Days: Unveiling Sheikh Hasina’s Secret Orders,” which was broadcast by Al Jazeera on July 24, 2024, and a 3-minute, 23-second video, which was broadcast by the organization named “July Revolutionary Alliance (JRA)” on their official Facebook page on August 7, 2025, were seized on a DVD. It was then handed over to the custody of the librarian of the investigation agency of the International Crimes Tribunal. This is the previously exhibited seizure list (Exhibit- 28/Additional Seizure List, pages 11-12). My signature on the seizure list, Exhibit 28/3. This is the previously exhibited custody Bond (Exhibit-29), and my signature on the custody Bond (Exhibit 29/2). This is the video on the DVD (Material Exhibit-XXXVII). 

The first video (by Al Jazeera) shows–
– Sheikh Hasina’s statement at a press conference, referring to the protesters as the grandchildren of Razakars;
– A conversation of Sheikh Hasina with the Chhatra League General Secretary Sheikh Wali Asif Inan;
– A conversation between Salman F Rahman and the IGP;
– The statement of Dr. Rajibul Islam, who performed Abu Sayed’s post-mortem, along with several other interviews;
– Scenes of indiscriminate firing on protesters, firing from helicopters, and various other scenes of repression, including filing various horrific cases against protesters. 
– Interviews with the families of the martyrs, the protesters. 

The second video (by JRA) shows the then-Home Minister, Asaduzzaman Khan Kamal, gave a statement at a press briefing that the police did not shoot, no child was killed, and the Chhatra League did not shoot.

On August 4, 2025, at 3:10 PM, a print copy of an online news report titled “Ex-Bangladesh leader authorised deadly crackdown, leaked audio suggests,” from a BBC investigative report published on July 9, 2025, and a print copy of an online news report from Dainik Kaler Kantho, published on July 9, 2025, titled “Sheikh Hasina had given the order to shoot during the movement,” were seized and handed over to the custody of the librarian of the investigation agency of the International Crimes Tribunal. This is the said seizure list (Exhibit-26). My signature on the seizure list (Exhibit-26/3). This is the said custody form, (Exhibit-27) and my signature on the custody Bond have been identified as  (Exhibit-27/2). This is the said print copy (Material Exhibit-XXXV/Seizure List’s 7th volume, pages 3396-3498). This is the print copy of the two news reports from the newspapers (Exhibit-90 Series/Additional Seizure List, pages 3-10). 

On August 9, 2025, at 12:10 PM, a print copy of an online news report from bdnews24.com, published on August 2, 2024, titled “32 children martyred in the mass uprising,” and a print copy of an online news report from Dainik Prothom Alo, published on August 4, 2025, titled “133 martyred in the mass uprising,” were seized and handed over to the custody of the librarian of the investigation agency of the International Crimes Tribunal. This is the said seizure list (Exhibit-30), and my signature on the seizure list (Exhibit-30/3). This is the said custody Bond (Exhibit-31) and my signature on the custody Bond (Exhibit-31/2). This is the print copy of the said newspaper reports (Exhibit- 91 Series/Additional Seizure List, pages 15-23). 

On August 9, 2025, at 3:30 PM, three audio clips of a conversation between former Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina and Jatiya Samajtantrik Dal (JaSaD) President Hasanul Haq Inu, a documentary voice of Inu, and a documentary voice of Sheikh Hasina broadcast on BTV were seized on a DVD, along with an expert opinion transcript from the Forensic Division, CID, Dhaka. It was then handed over to the custody of the librarian of the investigation agency of the International Crimes Tribunal. This is the said seizure list (Exhibit-32/Additional Seizure List, pages 24-27). My signature on the seizure list, Exhibit-32/3). This is the said custody Bond (Exhibit-33) and my signature on the custody Bond (Exhibit-33/2). This is the previously exhibited expert opinion (Exhibit-23/Additional Seizure List, pages 29-43). 

During the evidence collection phase of this case, one of the witnesses, Janab Badruddin Umar, passed away on September 7, 2025. I have collected his death certificate. This is the said death certificate (Exhibit-92). This is the deposition that witness Badruddin Umar had given to me on February 24, 2025 (Exhibit-93/Witness Deposition Volume, pages 8-13).

During my investigation, I also found that to suppress the movement, the then-government deliberately shut down internet services and established absolute control over the media. 

This is my deposition.

Cross-Examination

My previous investigating officer, Janab Jane Alam Saheb, collected all the information and data during his investigation from the library of the investigation agency of the International Crimes Tribunal.

Defense: He collected it from the library, but how was the information that was in the library actually collected?

Objection raised by the prosecutor, Mizanul Islam:

He is not supposed to know how it was collected from the library. How would the witness know? Besides, Section 12(3) of the ICT Act 1973- Reports, memoranda or other intemal documents prepared by the investigation or the prosecution in connection with the investigation or preparation of the case are not subject to disclosure.

Hence it clearly states that the method of collection of any evidence—how it was collected—shall not be disclosed.

6 October

Prosecutor:  Do not answer anything from memory.

Cross-Examination by Defense (cont)

It is not true that the mentioned seizure lists were not prepared correctly.

Witness’s Statement:

I have not called Mr. Mohammad Majharul Haque, the former coordinator of the member organization, as a witness in this case.

During the investigation, members of the investigation team assisted me in collecting and reviewing various pieces of information and data.

Prosecutor (Mizanul Islam): I cannot disclose who helped.

Witness on Witnesses Called:

I did not call anyone from the investigation team as a witness, but I did call one witness—Tanveer Hasan Joha.

In the July movement, 1,500 people were killed, and approximately 25,000 students and citizens were injured.

Defense Question:

Defense: How many families of the killed and injured did you question?

Alamgir (Investigating Officer): I do not remember.

Defense: Please try to remember and provide an answer.

Witness’s Response:

After searching, I can confirm that I questioned 10 to 12 families of the martyrs.

Defense: Is it 10 or 12? Please pick one number.

It is 10.

I also questioned 22 families of the injured.

Clarification on Martyr Families:

It is not true that I made false statements about questioning the families of the martyrs in the movement.

During the investigation, I visited 10 government hospitals and one private hospital, collecting evidence.

Abdullah Al Mamun’s Confession:

It is not true that I told Abdullah Al Mamun had wanted to give a confession statement. 

It is not true that I, along with other members of the investigation team, encouraged Abdullah Al Mamun to give a confession statement.

It is not true that I encouraged Abdullah Al Mamun to be falsely implicated.

Medical Information:

I cannot say which doctor operated on the bodies of Sujon, Jihad, and Raju to remove the bullets. However, this information is available in the hospital records.

Seizure List Issues:

It is not true that I created an incomplete or incorrect seizure list.

The descriptions in my seizure list were typed by my assistant constable, Milton. However, I did not mention anywhere that Milton typed them.

Defense’s Argument on Seizure List:

Defense: Any seizure list must be written by the investigating officer themselves.

Judge’s Instruction: The judge instructs the defense to raise this point during the argument stage.

Accuracy of Seizure List:

It is not true that the information in the seizure list is completely false. I did not provide descriptions of the seized bullets in this list.

Specific Case Details:

On 12-02-25, at 2:00 PM, I cannot specify which doctor at Mugda Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, operated on the injured Shamsul Islam to remove the bullet. However, this information is available in the hospital records.

The descriptions of the seized bullets and pellets were included in all seizure lists.

On 16-02-25, I personally wrote the seizure list for the injured Samad Mia.

7 October: Cross examination continued:

The 215-page report regarding arms and ammunition used against students and the public to suppress the July Movement, collected via a letter dated 25-02-2025 from Bangladesh Police Headquarters, Dhaka, was prepared after 05-08-2024. 

It is not true that the said report was prepared at the behest of the current government.

It is not true that, the main subject matter of the report is not correct.

The reports from Dhaka University dated 29-04-2025, Chittagong University dated 15-01-2025, Rajshahi University dated 30-04-2025, Begum Rokeya University, Rangpur dated 29-04-2025, RAB Headquarters dated 14-01-2025, National Institute of Burn & Plastic Surgery, Dhaka dated 15-04-2025, and Anjuman Mufidul Islam dated 07-05-2025 were all prepared after 05-08-2024. 

It is not true that the said reports were prepared at the behest of the current government.

It is not true that, the subject matters of the reports are false.

(“It is not true that the key players of this government forced Sheikh Hasina to leave the country in any other way.Mizanur Rahman: I object to the word ‘key players’ (কুশীলব). Following this, the Prosecution and the Defence engaged in an altercation, and the Judge said that there is no alternative to this word, so he would accept it, but due to pressure and objection from the Prosecution, the Defence, and the Judge were compelled to drop this word. Subsequently, the Judge asked Amir Hossain if it was right to say such a thing, to which Amir Hossain replied, ‘As the Defence, I will say it was the meticulous planning of the current Chief Advisor, Dr. Muhammad Yunus,’ and the Court burst into laughter.”)

It is not true that the conspirators of this government forced Sheikh Hasina to leave the country in another way, behind the scenes.

It is not true that, the injury certificate of the victim witness Parveen, collected from the National Institute of Ophthalmology and Hospital on 09-02-2025, is incorrect.

It is not true that, the injury certificate of victim witness Abdullah Al Imran, collected via a memo dated 23-04-2025 from the National Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedic Rehabilitation Center, Dhaka, is incorrect.

I collected injury certificates from 3 out of 25,000 injured victims of the July Movement.

It is not true, that I conducted an incomplete investigation.

I did not send the authenticity of the conversation between former Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina, former Dhaka University VC A S M Maksud Kamal, and Hasanul Haq Inu for examination to any domestic or foreign institution other than the CID.

The investigative report, 35 minutes and 35 seconds long, broadcast on the BBC Bangla YouTube channel on 09-07-2025, was prepared after 05-08-2024.

It is not true that the said report was made under the influence of the current government or is AI-generated.

The investigative documentary, 49 minutes and 55 seconds long, titled “July’s 36 Days Unveiling Sheikh Hasina’s Secret History,” released by Al Jazeera on 24-07-2024, was created after 05-08-2024.

It is not true that the said investigative documentary is AI-generated (The Bench President was smiling subtly).

The video, 3 minutes and 23 seconds long, released by the organization named July Revolutionary Alliance (JRA) on their official Facebook page on 07-08-2025, was made after 05-08-2024.

It is not true that the said video is AI-generated.

I have verified the matters described in the print copy of the online news titled “গণঅবভূত্তানে শহীদ ৩২ শিশু” (32 Children Martyred in Mass Uprising), published by BDNEWS24 on 02-08-2024, and the news titled “গণঅবভুত্থানেশহীদ ১৩৩ শিশু” (133 Children Martyred in Mass Uprising), published by the daily Prothom Alo on 04-08-2025. This news was published in many other newspapers. I did not visit the homes of all the martyred children mentioned in the above report. I only went to the house of one child. I cannot name the father or mother of the child whose house I visited.

It is not true that, I did not conduct any investigation regarding the deaths of the above-mentioned children.

It is not true that, I gave a fabricated statement without investigating the matter of shutting down internet services during the movement.

It is not true that, the statement, “Through conspiracy, more than one and a half thousand people were killed, attempts were made to murder, … crimes against humanity were organized,” was said without proper investigation, is fabricated, and is false.

It is not true that, the statement, “Chankharpul…” was said without investigation, is fabricated, and is false.

It is not true that, the statement, “next para,” was said without investigation, is fabricated, and is false.

It is not true that, the statement, “next para,” was said without investigation, is fabricated, and is false.

I did not meticulously investigate and prepare the documentary evidence, totaling 5 volumes and 2018 pages, titled “Documentary Evidence from Information Sources,” concerning the background of the July Mass Uprising and Sheikh Hasina’s rise to fascism.

It is not true that, the statement, “During the July Mass Uprising, law enforcement agencies and the ruling party… (Targeted persecution on civilian population),” was said without proper investigation, is fabricated, and is false.

It is not true that, the statement, “The accused took no steps to stop the killings and atrocities committed during the July Mass Uprising. Moreover, those who committed these killings and atrocities…,” was said without proper investigation, is fabricated, and is false.

It is not true that, the statement, “…the matter of concern… occurred with the knowledge of the accused,” was said without proper investigation, is fabricated, and is false.

It is not true that, the accused Sheikh Hasina and Asaduzzaman Khan Kamal did not commit any offense under sections 3(2)(a)(g)(h) and 4(1)(2)(3) of The International Crimes (Tribunals) Act, 1973.

Yes, the Sheikh Hasina government abolished the quota system in 2018. However, later, she brought the quota system back by filing a case in the High Court through her own people. I cannot name the people who filed the case.

It is not true that, the people who filed the case in the High Court were not Sheikh Hasina’s own people.

It is not true that, Sheikh Hasina did not make anyone file a case in the High Court for the reinstatement of the quota.

(At this point, the prosecution started to dissent in the defence, asking for the investigation report questions from the I.O. Chaos was visible in the court. The President of the bench said on a matter regarding not following the law, “Our constitution is one of the best constitutions in the world, but is it being followed?”. Later, Prosecutor Mizanur Rahman mentioned, even in the Nuremberg and Tokyo Trials, it was not about the war but about Crimes Against Humanity, when the defence was pulling the other sections of war crimes from the act. The Judge also mentioned that crimes against humanity do not extinguish the right of private defence, but it is not practiced in the courts of Bangladesh by the same lawyers.)

Yes, Sheikh Hasina summoned the protesters for a compromise regarding the quota issue, but since she called them after numerous people had been killed, tortured, disappeared, and seriously injured, the protesters did not respond to her call.

It is not true that, the one-point demand by the protesters for the fall of the government was illegal.

It is not true that, the protesters engaged in destructive activities, burning and vandalizing across the country.

(After this, when Amir Hossain asked a question about Rampura, the Judge deemed the subject relevant and said knowledge might exist. However, the prosecution objected, and a long argument on this matter followed, with the IO stating that there was no information in his Case Diary regarding the murder of police during the movement. He said it was not his subject of investigation. Subsequently, Gazi Tamim read out Rules 53 and 55, and then the Judge told Amir Hossain to raise this point during the arguments.)

Police, the Army, and BGB were deployed to maintain law and order during the movement.

(At this time, Amir Hossain asked if a war was taking place during July-August, and an argument started again on this matter. Gazi Tamim said, “War is 3(2)(d).”)

It is not true that, the July Movement was part of a long-standing illegal plan and conspiracy.

Cross-Examination to be continued 08/10/2025